Já em Ser e Tempo (1927), Martin Heidegger enuncia como a tarefa do pensamento que corresponde a um modo de pensar que deve partir do diálogo imediato com outros, promovendo uma abertura cognitiva e hermenêutica que exercita uma nova forma de enxergar no pensamento. O objeto de interpretação neste trabalho é o poema O estranho, de Max Martins, no qual se busca enxergar como se dá essa relação com o outro onde o estranhamento pode ser característico de um encontro com (...) a diferença e com a projeção da constituição ontológica do ente, onde o oriente, ou o orientalismo, pode ser abordado em uma dimensão figurativa, ou seja, na representação de um outro idealizado que surge do esvaziamento discursivo do caráter histórico do Dasein (ser-aí). A fundamentação será baseada em Ser e Tempo da e na leitura heideggeriana da Retórica de Aristóteles como hermenêutica do ser-aí no convívio cotidiano com os outros. (shrink)

Tendo em vista o excesso de positividade e máximo desempenho presentes na Sociedade do Desempenho, Byung-Chul Han retoma o diálogo sobre a transição das sociedades disciplinares de Foucault e de controle de Deleuze, diagnosticando a condição de violência psicopolítica e o aprisionamento narcísico, em um cenário de catástrofe presente no atual regime de informação que configura o dataísmocomo uma das principais ferramentas do sistema neoliberal. Este artigo visa investigar outros modos de existência civilizacional, a partir dos desafios de reincorporação da (...) alteridade, propondo as inflexões que permeiam as visões do autor acerca da ética da alteridade, pautadas na dialogicidade, na experiência da negatividade do outro e nos imbricamentos entre o sujeito e o alter, bem como na alteridade das coisas, como modos de enfrentamento de tal cenário de barbárie, de maneira a reconfigurar as condições de ser e estar no mundo contemporâneo. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:Neuroethics, the study of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying ethical decision-making, is a growing field of study. In this review, we identify and discuss four themes emerging from neuroethics research. First, ethical decision-making appears to be distinct from other types of decision-making processes. Second, ethical decision-making entails more than just conscious reasoning. Third, emotion plays a critical role in ethical decision-making, at least under certain circumstances. Lastly, normative approaches to morality have distinct, underlying neural mechanisms. On the basis of (...) these themes, we draw implications for research in business ethics and the practice of ethics training. (shrink)

Normative and historical arguments support the idea that religion potentially shapes decisions to support fair trade products. That said, the question of how religion influences organizational decision-makers to purchase fair trade products in a business-to-business context has remained largely unaddressed. This research examines the interactive effect of individual religious commitment and contextual religious salience on an individual’s willingness to pay a price premium for a fair trade product, when buying on behalf of an organization. Findings from two experimental studies reveal (...) that the effect of a decision-maker’s religious commitment on his or her willingness to pay a price premium, for the purchase of a fair trade product on behalf of an organization, is moderated by the contextual salience of religion. Specifically, when religion is highly salient in the organizational context, religious commitment is positively related to the decision-maker’s willingness to pay a premium for the fair trade product; when contextual religious salience is low, religious commitment and willingness to pay a premium are unrelated. Implications for theory and practice are presented. (shrink)

This article proposes that the `renewal' of Dewey might contributeto filling the gap between the pedagogical commitment tocontingency and plurality and the fact that the pedagogicaltradition, until now, has neutralized contingency and deniedits systematic meaning for education. Therefore, the maintraits of the `renewal of Dewey' are shown in thework of some Dewey scholars who, critically and creatively,reconstruct Dewey in the mirror of poststructural, communicational and constructive theory developments.Following Dewey, these researches balance the objectiveevaluation of Dewey's work by a deliberate and (...) overtpursuit of their own intentions and (pre-)selections by the scholars.Intersubjectivity and communication are key concepts in thisrenewal of pragmatism rejecting the subject-centered philosophy of consciousness, the traditional westernepistemology and metaphysics. The turn to the philosophicalpriority of the unforeseeable also leads to anunderstanding of action as an essentialfocus. In this context Dewey's pragmatistic view of radical democracy is received as a non-foundationaltheory and the concept of consensus is criticized.The scholars clarify that the boundaries of the subjectare broadened by communicative destabilization.At the end of the article it is asked what the renewal-dimensions mean for education locatedin the public sphere. (shrink)

Amid the growth of scholarly research on environmental workplace behaviors, two limitations stand out. First, there has been scant research on the cross‐level effects of organizational‐level determinants on individual employee environmental behaviors using a methodologically appropriate multilevel analytic approach. Second, there has been an overwhelming focus on voluntary, as opposed to task‐related, employee environmentally friendly behaviors. In addressing these limitations, this field study (N = 615 U.S.‐based employees nested in 51 organizations) makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature, (...) specifically by linking the dimensions of organizational‐level environmental orientation with individual‐level employee environmental in‐role (i.e., task‐related) behaviors using multilevel analysis. The results indicate that organizational internal environmental orientation is positively related to employee recycling behavior. Managerial status exerts a moderating effect, such that the positive relationship between internal environmental orientation and energy‐saving behavior is stronger among managers than among non‐managers. Furthermore, an organization's external environmental orientation has an unequivocal positive relationship only with employee energy‐saving behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. (shrink)

El presente estudio pretende describir las actitudes más frecuentes, que demuestran estudiantes de educación media, frente a la lectura y los factores que inciden en el gusto o disgusto por ella, pues es de vital importancia poder conocer y descubrir las dificultades que puedan tener los estudiantes en su proceso lector, ya que un temprano conocimiento de aquellas dificultades posibilita la prevención de dificultades específicas de aprendizaje, miedos o desórdenes de hábitos lectores. El estudio se realizó por medio de la (...) observación y entrevista individual que indagaban sobre la lectura en el discurso y la lectura en la práctica. (shrink)

Human rights thinking interprets absolute human dignity as the moral reason for respecting oneself and all other persons. In the current dignity debate, this justification is increasingly being criticised. It is claimed that human dignity is not the moral reason but a consequence of acts of respect. In this regard, the explosive question arises as to which moral reason should replace human dignity. It must be noted that the concept of human dignity as a consequence of personal conduct are not (...) able to close this ethical justification gap. A reflective line of argumentation can show that the founding value of human dignity is indispensable. (shrink)

Cumulative evidence points to the effectiveness of moral dilemma discussion as a pedagogical strategy. However, much of the extant empirical research has been limited to investigating its effect on moral judgment. In addition, the potentially distinct effects of the two major components of the intervention, the intrapersonal contemplation and the interpersonal discussion that follows, have been barely examined. Using the Trolley Problem, this quasi-experimental study (N = 115) examined the effectiveness of moral dilemma discussion and of intrapersonal moral dilemma contemplation (...) in promoting prosocial intentions among individuals in the context of a product-harm situation. The results confirm that moral dilemma discussion positively influences some forms of prosocial intentions. The results also suggest that moral dilemma discussion is not necessarily more effective than intrapersonal moral dilemma contemplation in promoting prosocial intentions. (shrink)

In this paper, I sketch a Kantian account of duties of rescue, which I take to be compatible with Kant’s theory. I argue that there is in fact no “trumping relation” between imperfect and perfect duties but merely that “latitude shrinks away” in certain circumstances. Against possible demandingness objections, I explain why Kant thought that imperfect duty must allow latitude for choice and argue that we must understand the necessary space for pursuing one’s own happiness as entailed by Kant’s justification (...) of one’s duty to promote other’s happiness. Nevertheless, becoming worthy of happiness has always priority over one’s own happiness, even when circumstances are such that we cannot secure our own happiness without seriously neglecting more pressing needs of other persons. I conclude that Kant’s moral theory calls for complementation by the political and juridical domain. Implementing just political institutions and creating satisfactorily well-ordered societies create an external world which is friendlier to our attempts to reconcile moral integrity and a happy human life. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 107 Heft: 1 Seiten: 160-178.

This article discusses the significance of historical research in normative political philosophy. Methodologically ahistoricist philosophers argue that historical research has limited relevance to political philosophy as it only serves to validate if a theory is sufficiently historically fact-sensitive. However, this perspective allows for minimal engagement with intellectual history. In contrast, I advocate for a more substantial role of historical research, suggesting that it not only provides evidence to refute political philosophical views but also serves as a source of imaginative resources. (...) I show that thinkers from across the humanities, like R.J. Collingwood, Quentin Skinner, Michel Foucault, Raymond Geuss, David Graeber, and Bernard Williams, have recognised the importance of these imaginative resources in shaping methodological reflections. These thinkers are concerned that limiting the relevance of history to normative theorising exposes ahistoricist thinkers to imaginative failures. I argue that this is best construed as a concern about the epistemic reliability of their evaluative judgments. Imaginative failures can introduce biases that unjustifiably restrict the range of solutions to practical collective problems they contemplate. Historical research serves a normative function that is unavailable to the methodologically ahistoricist approach by preventing such failures. (shrink)

This book analyses Kant’s assumptions about happiness and the implications they have for his moral, political, and legal thought. It provides a “map” of the different areas in which the concept of happiness appears in his practical philosophy and examines how it relates to the main themes of his practical philosophy.

Joaquim Braga deals with the role of sound in multimodal environments and multimodal surfaces. He argues that imagination not only bridges sensory dimensions that are absent from perception but also is central to “the relationship of presence,” that is, the connection between presently perceived sensory input. This involves assessing both the individuating dimension and the relational disposition of sound, which allows sound—through the activation of imagination—to develop sensory relations. Central to his discussion of the function and contribution of sound (...) in different media is the process of “sonic individuation”—a process of individuation of different modalities—that is presented as a precondition for the creation of relations between these modalities. (shrink)

RESUMEN:El siguiente escrito ensaya una interpretación del rendimiento del mito de los metales expuesto por Platón en su diálogo llamado Politeia a propósito de la siguiente interrogación: ¿Cómo se constituye el orden social en la pólis platónica? Para responder a esta pregunta debemos esclarecernos respecto de: i) El papel de la educación en la constitución del orden social. ii) La correlación entre el mito de los metales y el orden social. iii) La constitución tripartita de la psykhḗ humana. Una vez (...) aclarado estos distintos puntos podremos comprender la oculta pero significativa función del mito de los metales en la constitución del orden social platónico. ABSTRACT:This article attempts an interpretation of the account of the myth of the metals as expounded by Plato in the Politeia. We address the following question: How is the social order established in the Platonic polis? To answer this question we must clarify: i) the role of education in the constitution of the social order; ii) the correlation between the myth of the metals and the social order; iii) the tripartite constitution of the human psyche. Once these various points have been made clear, we can understand the hidden but significant function of the myth of the metals in the constitution of the Platonic social order. (shrink)

Four decades after the first reported case of HIV, the stigma surrounding an HIV diagnosis remains a significant challenge. This persistence, even amid numerous destigmatization efforts, has posed a puzzle for both scholars and policymakers. In this study, we explore the concept of morality attached to HIV status to shed light on this ongoing stigma. Utilizing data from the 2021 and 2022 waves of the General Social Survey, we examined the relationship between comfort in proximity to people with HIV (PWH) (...) and moral beliefs associated with HIV status. Our findings suggest that individuals who ‘strongly agree’ that PWH engage in immoral activities are over 13 times more likely to reject proximity to PWH compared with those who ‘strongly disagree’. This finding is robust, even after taking to account factors such as the individual’s moral belief that same-sex sexual activity is wrong, and their awareness of discrimination against PWH. Overall, our results suggest that stigmatization is more likely when immorality is associated with the stigmatized status. We encourage destigmatization campaigns to consider these findings and integrate the dissociation of morality from HIV status into their messaging frames. (shrink)

The impact of contextual influences on human resource management and management more generally has been the focus of much scholarly interest. However, we still know very little about how context impacts on the practice of ethical HRM specifically. Therefore, drawing on 59 in-depth interviews with HR practitioners in Brazil, Colombia and the UK, this paper theorizes how they perceive the ethical dimensions of their roles within their respective national contexts and how the way they act in relation to them is (...) informed, shaped and directed by the institutional context. In doing so it provides an important insight into three key themes: first, the views of HRM practitioners and managers about ethical HRM and how they articulate what it means to be ethical; second, how they respond to perceived ethical dilemmas; and third, how their responses are influenced by institutional forces and associated beliefs, values and scripts. In addition to providing an ‘emic’ perspective of this increasingly important topic and theorizing the experience and practice of ethical HRM, the paper answers calls for more international comparisons of ethical HRM practice in contemporary organizations. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo procura identificar o núcleo metodológico das Origens do Totalitarismo, na estrutura comparativa entre França e Alemanha, espécie de sociologia histórico-comparativa na qual Arendt narra as origens do Nazismo e do Stalinismo. Nessa acepção, as origens ideológicas do III Reich e do Stalinismo devem ser buscadas no Racismo, e não na homologia estabelecida entre Nazismo e Comunismo, a partir da equivalência entre a ideologia da luta de classes e da luta de raças e a prática do Terror. Desse (...) modo, a ideia de ruptura ou novidade do Totalitarismo a que se liga essa perspectiva, deve ser associada com a ideia de “atraso histórico”, espécie de articulação entre o novo e a conservação da velha ordem, na história das Nações Continentais. Sob essa ótica, Arendt mobiliza implicitamente a ideia de atraso histórico, a qual se encontra originalmente em Gramsci e Marx, a fim de dar conta de explicar não somente as homologias entre Nazismo e Comunismo, mas também como surgiram historicamente, no âmbito nacional e europeu, como ideologias políticas fundadas em movimentos de massas. De sorte a explicitar essa perspectiva, procura-se demonstrar, neste texto, como a ideia de “atraso histórico” opera no livro 1 das Origens do Totalitarismo, dedicado ao surgimento do antissemitismo.: The article seeks to identify the methodological core of the Origins of Totalitarianism in the comparative structure between France and Germany, a kind of historical-comparative sociology in which Arendt write about the origins of Nazism and Stalinism. In this sense, the ideological origins of the III Reich and Stalinism must be sought in Racism, and not in the homology established between Nazism and Communism based on the equivalence between the ideology of class struggle and race struggle and the practice of Terror. So that the idea of rupture or novelty of Totalitarianism to which this perspective is linked, must be articulated with the idea of historical delay”, a kind of articulation between the new and the conservation of the old order in the history of the Continental Nations. From this perspective, Arendt implicitly mobilizes the idea of historical backwardness, an idea that we originally found in Gramsci and Marx, in order to explain not only the homologies between Nazism and Communism, but also how they emerged historically in the National and European spheres as ideologies policies founded on mass movements. In order to make this perspective explicit, we seek to demonstrate how the idea of “historical backwardness” operates in book 1 of the Origins of Totalitarianism, dedicated to the rise of anti-Semitism. (shrink)

In this paper, we hypothesize that X chromosome-associated mechanisms, which affect X-linked genes and are behind the immunological advantage of females, may also affect X-linked microRNAs. The human X chromosome contains 10% of all microRNAs detected so far in the human genome. Although the role of most of them has not yet been described, several X chromosome-located microRNAs have important functions in immunity and cancer. We therefore provide a detailed map of all described microRNAs located on human and mouse X (...) chromosomes, and highlight the ones involved in immune functions and oncogenesis. The unique mode of inheritance of the X chromosome is ultimately the cause of the immune disadvantage of males and the enhanced survival of females following immunological challenges. How these aspects influence X-linked microRNAs will be a challenge for researchers in the coming years, not only from an evolutionary point of view, but also from the perspective of disease etiology. (shrink)

The central thesis of this paper is that in digital media the operations and representations of the human body reveal close somatic and aesthetic links with each other, the latter often working as forms of mitigation of the effects of the former. I will argue, therefore, that, in the digital domain, the modes and contents of representation should not be understood without the embodied relations inherent to the use of devices. For this to be feasible, it is essential to formulate (...) a new conception of the materiality of digital interfaces. Instead of being conceived according to traditional epistemological models—entirely detached from the agent’s performance—such materiality will be thought of in close connection with the nature of embodied relations and the interfaces’ technological structures and functions. (shrink)

This book provides new theoretical approaches to the subject of virtuality. All chapters reflect the importance of extending the analysis of the concept of “the virtual” to areas of knowledge that, until today, have not been fully included in its philosophical foundations. The respective chapters share new insights on art, media, psychic systems and technology, while also presenting new ways of articulating the concept of the virtual with regard to the main premises of Western thought. Given its thematic scope, this (...) book is intended not only for a philosophical audience, but also for all scientists who have turned to the humanities in search of answers to their questions. (shrink)

This paper explores the alleged role of a conception of human nature for Kant’s justification of the duty to leave the state of nature and the related right to coerce others to enter the civil condition in the Doctrine of Right (1797). I criticise the interpretation put forward by Byrd and Hruschka, according to which Kant’s postulate of public right is a preventive measure based on a “presumption of badness” of human beings. Although this reading seems to be supported by (...) § 42 of the Doctrine of Right, I shall argue that the paragraph neither offers a justification of why we have a duty to leave the state of nature, nor explains why individuals are allowed to coerce others to do so. I offer an alternative interpretation of § 42 by focusing on the difference between formal and material violations of right and argue that the rationale behind the postulate of public right is the idea that remaining in the state of nature is a formal violation of the concept of right. It is therefore not prudential reason that authorizes us to coerce others to enter the lawful condition. (shrink)

O artigo se propõe a pensar a importância de uma formação de professores orientada pela psicanálise. Destaca as particularidades vividas e demandadas aos docentes e futuros docentes em cursinhos populares, seus desafios e contradições. Apesar da marcante e fundamental importância em estabelecer espaços de fala que acolha a subjetividade dos futuros professores, compreendemos que esses espaços devem atuar também na política da instituição, um espaço que acolha demandas para além de subjetividades individuais.

Este artigo discute a relação entre a questão das inferências nos contextos de justificação em ciência, nomeadamente o que ficou conhecido por “problema da indução” após Hume, em vista de esclarecer diferentes versões dos problemas de subdeterminação na filosofia da ciência.

As much as it is rooted in empirical facts, the concept of truth in natural sciences and technology has core dimensions marked by the sphere of the possible. As can be inferred from Cassirer’s symbol theory, this is, in both cultural forms, a structuring mode of their symbolic constitution and differentiation. But when the coupling of the two increases (as currently happens with the new pictorial forms of scientific prediction), it is necessary to know the major repercussions imposed on the (...) way of conceiving phenomena—among these, mainly those that concern the formation of our idea of nature. In addition to this theoretical imperative, it will be the purpose of this paper to show how Cassirer’s thought helps us to recognize and reconstruct the relationships between experimental scientific knowledge and technological mediation. Keeping this in mind, a narrow articulation of truth’s functional profile with the idea of the future that permeates both science (especially natural sciences) and technology will be conceived to see how the two symbolic forms reveal the prospective complexion of human thought and human action. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é defender a uma perspectiva de ensino de filosofia baseada na compreensão pragmatista da prática intersubjetiva da argumentação racional, temperada por outro lado com a ênfase deleuziana na diferenciação e na singularidade das situações problemáticas, tomadas como situações que motivam as argumentações e discussões capazes de promover transformações políticas do mundo social. Na primeira seção introduzimos nossa perspectiva através da comparação de duas propostas mais diretamente vinculadas à questão da educação e do ensino de (...) filosofia, inspiradas, respectivamente, na tradição pragmatista e no pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari: a proposta do pensamento crítico e reflexivo desenvolvida por Matthew Lipman e a das experiências de pensamento apresentada por Silvio Gallo. Ainda na primeira seção, procuramos esclarecer nossa perspectiva estabelecendo algumas relações entre a filosofia da diferença de Deleuze e as filosofias da unidade de Kant e Habermas. Nas seções seguintes, procuramos defender nossa perspectiva por meio de análises das diferenças entre a unidade monológica e fixa de Kant e a unidade dialógica e passível de diferenciação da perspectiva pragmatista de Habermas. Palavras-chave: Pensamento Reflexivo; Pragmatismo; Argumentação; Habermas; Filosofia da Diferença Philosophy of Difference and Pragmatism: workshops on philosophical concepts as tools for the intersubjective practice of reasonable discussion Abstract: The objective of the present work is to defend a philosophy teaching perspective based on the pragmatist understanding of the intersubjective practice of rational argumentation, tempered on the other hand with the Deleuzian emphasis on the differentiation and singularity of problematic situations, taken as situations that motivate arguments and discussions capable of promoting political transformations in the social world. In the first section we introduce our perspective through the comparison of two proposals more directly linked to the issue of education and the teaching of philosophy, inspired, respectively, by the pragmatist tradition and the thought of Deleuze and Guattari: the proposal of critical and reflective thinking developed by Matthew Lipman and that of thought experiments presented by Silvio Gallo. Still in the first section, we seek to clarify our perspective by establishing some relationships between Deleuze's philosophy of difference and Kant's and Habermas' philosophies of unity. In the following sections, we seek to defend our perspective through analyzes of the differences between Kant's monological and fixed unity and the dialogical and differentiated unity of Habermas' pragmatist perspective. Keywords: Reflective Thinking; Pragmatism; Argumentation; Habermas; Philosophy of Difference Filosofía de la Diferencia y Pragmatismo: talleres sobre conceptos filosóficos como herramientas para la práctica intersubjetiva de la discusión razonable Resumen: El objetivo del presente trabajo es defender una perspectiva de enseñanza de la filosofía basada en la comprensión pragmatista de la práctica intersubjetiva de la argumentación racional, atemperada por otro lado con el énfasis deleuziano en la diferenciación y singularidad de las situaciones problemáticas, tomadas como situaciones que motivan argumentos. y discusiones capaces de promover transformaciones políticas en el mundo social. En el primer apartado introducimos nuestra perspectiva a través de la comparación de dos propuestas más directamente vinculadas a la cuestión de la educación y la enseñanza de la filosofía, inspiradas, respectivamente, en la tradición pragmatista y en el pensamiento de Deleuze y Guattari: la propuesta de pensamiento crítico y reflexivo desarrollada por Matthew Lipman y el de experimentos de pensamiento presentados por Silvio Gallo. Aún en la primera sección, buscamos aclarar nuestra perspectiva estableciendo algunas relaciones entre la filosofía de la diferencia de Deleuze y las filosofías de la unidad de Kant y Habermas. En las siguientes secciones, buscamos defender nuestra perspectiva a través de análisis de las diferencias entre la unidad monológica y fija de Kant y la unidad dialógica y diferenciada de la perspectiva pragmatista de Habermas. Palabras Clave: Pensamiento Reflexivo; Pragmatismo; Argumentación; Habermas; Filosofía de la diferencia Data de registro: 03/02/2024 Data de aceite: 12/06/2024. (shrink)

O artigo se propõe a pensar o retorno dos adolescentes às escolas após a pandemia fazendo a articulação entre conceitos psicanalíticos e a importância da escola na transição que a adolescência representa para a constituição psíquica do sujeito. A partir de uma experiência de pesquisa-extensão em uma escola com estudantes do Ensino Médio, pensamos sobre como o laço social contemporâneo impacta os modos de subjetivação e a educação, relacionando-o ao mal-estar nos estudantes adolescentes nos contextos educativos brasileiros. Além disso, a (...) dimensão da temporalidade tanto a própria da adolescência, quanto da escola e da pandemia que lhe atravessam foram tomadas como direcionamentos sendo o artigo dividido três partes: tempo na pandemia, tempo da escola e o tempo da adolescência. (shrink)

Les premiers Séminaires de Jacques Lacan (1953-1959) offrent une élaboration systématique des notions de l’Imaginaire et du Symbolique, mais font référence de façon seulement sporadique à la notion du Réel. Malgré la rareté des références, la conception du Réel que l’on peut en déduire est précise et cohérente, et confirmée par les séminaires successifs – au moins jusqu’au Séminaire XI (1964). Le Réel est à comprendre comme une matière indéterminée qui, tout en pâtissant du signifiant, lui résiste. Ceci constitue une (...) innovation, de la part de Lacan, par rapport au concept philosophique classique de la matière (du moins tel qu’on le trouve chez Aristote, pour qui la matière n’offre aucune résistance à sa propre mise en forme) et prépare la base pour la théorie de l’objet a en tant que signifiant de la castration du sujet opérée par le langage, telle qu’elle est élaborée à la fin du Séminaire VI (1958-1959) et dans le Séminaire X (1962-1963). (shrink)

A vanguarda surrealista, em suas manifestações literárias e artísticas dos anos 1920, explorava as imagens de caráter disruptivo como uma forma de transformar a arte e a vida cotidiana. Influenciado pelos surrealistas, Walter Benjamin, em seu livro Rua de mão única, publicado em 1928, elaborou um diagnóstico crítico de seu presente histórico e apontou o caminho para uma possível transformação do mesmo, explorando uma forma filosófico-literária que denominou imagem de pensamento. Pressupondo a fundamental influência do surrealismo nesta e em toda (...) a obra posterior de Benjamin, o presente artigo, não obstante, tem como objetivo apresentar brevemente algumas diferenças importantes entre estas posturas, a saber: que as imagens de pensamento benjaminianas abordam de modo mais radical o vínculo das experiências disruptivas subjetivas com uma dimensão coletiva, histórica e social. A diferenciação destes dois casos de revalorização filosófica da imagem traz elementos importantes para se pensar o papel da imagem na educação e em que medida a própria imagem pode abrir espaço a uma crítica da sociedade do espetáculo e das mídias de massa em que vivemos. (shrink)

Famous philosophers and their conceits became the target of Lucian's satirical verve in many of his works. However, in Philosophies for Sale, Lucian offers an original view of philosophy. Just like a marketing expert would, Lucian treats philosophy as a product that is designed to satisfy the customers' needs, and whose nature is decisively influenced by consumer forces. My discussion is inspired by the main analytic tools and the basic core concepts of marketing. I argue that in Philosophies for Sale (...) Lucian revolutionized the established concept that philosophy as well as human sciences in general are not governed by market rules. On the contrary, he has shown that philosophy, just like any other activity involving a trade of values between two parties, can be assessed from an economic perspective and that, consequently, must be viewed as customer-creating value satisfactions, being subject to the law of supply and demand. (shrink)

Structured in an essayistic manner, the work examines the debate instituted in Critical Theory around the methodology of social sciences and the tension between traditional Theory and the proposal of Critical Theory. It proposes to compare the particularities of this debate in the work of Max Horkheimer and Jürgen Habermas, establishing their tangencies and convergences, mainly in the discourse on the role of the emancipatory structuring of critical theory in the methodology of social sciences. Emphasizing how in the work of (...) both authors, the methodological guidance of critical theory promotes the emphasis on elucidating the truth in the process of political emancipation and social awareness that makes individuals and society approach freedom. (shrink)

Trata-se de analisar aspectos do diálogo Cármides que corroborem a necessidade de uma entrega total da alma na investigaçáo filosófica. A filosofia de Platáo náo pode ser compreendida sem se levar em conta a transformaçáo pessoal necessária em sua investigaçáo. Mesmo defendendo que a filosofia deva ser exercida eminentemente pela razáo, Platáo náo abre máo de que tal racionalidade transforme a pessoa como um todo, para que se alcance a vida boa.

O texto procura problematizar o conceito de poder constituinte segundo a leitura das revolutions modernes empreendida por H. Arendt. Procura-se reconstruir o quadro histórico da autora desenvolvido na obra On revolution seguindo o desdobramento do conceito de poder constituinte nas analises de Jacques Derrida e Antonio Negri.

In a first approach, “caring” can be understood as a way of articulating time in full agreement with the need of others. Therefore, and thanks to care, we profit with the access to a peculiar consciousness of time which transcends the practical time of caring and simultaneously fosters and frames our own perception of time itself. Nevertheless, we know that in several care institutions there is a kind of “economic time” which is necessary both to the meeting with the most (...) urgent needs as to fill the scarcity of the available resources. The time of institutionalized care is, above all, measured by the spatial conditions and possibilities as well as by the individuals who daily dwell and struggle in between such factors. The institutionalization of care practices tends to arouse an apparent primacy of space over time. Hospitals, nursing homes, day-care centers for children, recovery centers, among others, are now more likely than ever to fill the lack of time of individuals. Therefore, space is also a material reaction both to the lack of time and to the consciousness of time, especially boosted by those who abandon their loved ones. Based on these multiple articulations of time and space, I will try to show how the relational nature of care is transformed and gives rise to new ways of conceiving the idea of caring. (shrink)

O texto que aqui se apresenta tem por objetivo principal o desvelamento das possíveis relações entre a noção de ser-para-a-morte desenvolvida pelo filósofo alemão Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) em sua analítica existencial do Dasein desenvolvida em sua obra precípua, Ser e tempo, em vias de se empreender uma Ontologia Fundamental, e seus fenômenos tangentes, angústia e processo apropriativo, e os fazeres da psicoterapia.